Systemic Review of Dosha in Ayurveda and Its Biophysical Understanding

Abstract

Introduction: Ayurveda, a traditional Indian medical system, utilizes the Tridosha theory—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—to explain physiological and psychological functions. This review explores the integration of Tridosha with biophysical principles to bridge traditional and modern scientific paradigms. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and classical Ayurvedic texts (1990–2025). Search terms included “Ayurveda Tridosha,” “Vata Pitta Kapha,” and “biophysics in medicine.” Studies addressing Dosha functions or relevant biophysical processes were included, with non-peer-reviewed sources excluded. Results: Vata governs movement and aligns with bioelectric processes (e.g., neural signaling), Pitta regulates metabolism and corresponds to thermodynamic principles (e.g., ATP production), and Kapha manages structure, relating to biomechanical properties (e.g., tissue integrity). Biophysical tools like EEG, metabolic profiling, and MRI can potentially quantify Dosha imbalances. Discussion: Integrating Tridosha with biophysics offers a framework for personalized medicine but faces challenges like empirical validation and methodological variability. Future research should focus on biomarker discovery and interdisciplinary collaboration to validate Ayurvedic principles scientifically.